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Resources

HABITUS applications

  1. GGIR – Processing multi-day RAW accelerometer data for physical activity and sleep research.
  2. hbGPS – GPS data processing and merging with accelerometer data. [repository | description]
  3. hbGIS – Spatiotemporal behaviour patterns abalysis using geospatial data and data from hbGPS/PALMS. [repository | description]
  4. HabitusGUI – Simplified movement behaviour data analysis by combining GGIR, hbGPS, and hbGIS in a user-friendly interface. [repository]
  5. Docs – Habitus documentation web. [repository]

Alternatives

Links to other accelerometer or GPS data processing software tools:

Theory and other resource materials

Learning resources

The materials from presentations and courses will be made available here.

Publications

We have created a comprehensive list of references and DOI links to papers practical when dealing with combined accelerometer and GPS data. If you know of any papers that should be included in this list, please email us with the reference (including the DOI link) to our contact email address.

Accelerometry

Migueles, J. H., Rowlands, A. V., Huber, F., Sabia, S., & Hees, V. T. van. (2019). GGIR: A Research Community–Driven Open Source R Package for Generating Physical Activity and Sleep Outcomes From Multi-Day Raw Accelerometer Data. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jmpb/2/3/article-p188.xml

Conceptual and methodological papers

Jankowska, M. M., Schipperijn, J., & Kerr, J. (2015). A Framework for Using GPS Data in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Studies. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 43(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000035

Kerr, J., Duncan, S., & Schipperjin, J. (2011). Using Global Positioning Systems in Health Research. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(5), 532–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.07.017

Meseck, K., Jankowska, M. M., Schipperijn, J., Natarajan, L., Godbole, S., Carlson, J., Takemoto, M., Crist, K., & Kerr, J. (2016). Is missing geographic positioning system data in accelerometry studies a problem, and is imputation the solution? Geospatial Health, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.403

Schmidt, T., Kerr, J., Kestens, Y., & Schipperijn, J. (2019). Challenges in using wearable GPS devices in low-income older adults: Can map-based interviews help with assessments of mobility? Translational Behavioral Medicine, 9(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby009

Stewart, T., Schipperijn, J., Snizek, B., & Duncan, S. (2017). Adolescent school travel: Is online mapping a practical alternative to GPS-assessed travel routes? Journal of Transport & Health, 5, 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.10.001

Review papers

Krenn, P. J., Titze, S., Oja, P., Jones, A., & Ogilvie, D. (2011). Use of Global Positioning Systems to Study Physical Activity and the Environment. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(5), 508–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.046

McCrorie, P. R., Fenton, C., & Ellaway, A. (2014). Combining GPS, GIS, and accelerometry to explore the physical activity and environment relationship in children and young people—A review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-014-0093-0

Yi, L., Wilson, J. P., Mason, T. B., Habre, R., Wang, S., & Dunton, G. F. (2019). Methodologies for assessing contextual exposure to the built environment in physical activity studies: A systematic review. Health & Place, 60, 102226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102226

Validation papers

Schipperijn, J., Kerr, J., Duncan, S., Madsen, T., Klinker, C. D., & Troelsen, J. (2014). Dynamic Accuracy of GPS Receivers for Use in Health Research: A Novel Method to Assess GPS Accuracy in Real-World Settings. Frontiers in Public Health, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00021

Examples of studies that have used combined accelerometer and GPS data

Alberico, C. O., Schipperijn, J., & Reis, R. S. (2017). Use of global positioning system for physical activity research in youth: ESPAÇOS Adolescentes, Brazil. Preventive Medicine, 103, S59–S65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.026

Andersen, H. B., Christiansen, L. B., Klinker, C. D., Ersbøll, A. K., Troelsen, J., Kerr, J., & Schipperijn, J. (2017). Increases in Use and Activity Due to Urban Renewal: Effect of a Natural Experiment. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(3), e81–e87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.03.010

Andersen, H. B., Christiansen, L. B., Pawlowski, C. S., & Schipperijn, J. (2019). What we build makes a difference – Mapping activating schoolyard features after renewal using GIS, GPS and accelerometers. Landscape and Urban Planning, 191, 103617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103617

Andersen, H. B., Klinker, C. D., Toftager, M., Pawlowski, C. S., & Schipperijn, J. (2015). Objectively measured differences in physical activity in five types of schoolyard area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.005

Borner, K. B., Mitchell, T. B., Carlson, J. A., Kerr, J., Saelens, B. E., Schipperijn, J., Frank, L. D., Conway, T. L., Glanz, K., Chapman, J. E., Cain, K. L., & Sallis, J. F. (2018). Latent profile analysis of young adolescents’ physical activity across locations on schooldays. Journal of Transport & Health, 10, 304–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.010

Carlson, J. A., Mitchell, T. B., Saelens, B. E., Staggs, V. S., Kerr, J., Frank, L. D., Schipperijn, J., Conway, T. L., Glanz, K., Chapman, J. E., Cain, K. L., & Sallis, J. F. (2017). Within-person associations of young adolescents’ physical activity across five primary locations: Is there evidence of cross-location compensation? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0507-x

Carlson, J. A., Saelens, B. E., Kerr, J., Schipperijn, J., Conway, T. L., Frank, L. D., Chapman, J. E., Glanz, K., Cain, K. L., & Sallis, J. F. (2015). Association between neighborhood walkability and GPS-measured walking, bicycling and vehicle time in adolescents. Health & Place, 32, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.12.008

Carlson, J. A., Schipperijn, J., Kerr, J., Saelens, B. E., Natarajan, L., Frank, L. D., Glanz, K., Conway, T. L., Chapman, J. E., Cain, K. L., & Sallis, J. F. (2016). Locations of Physical Activity as Assessed by GPS in Young Adolescents. Pediatrics, 137(1), e20152430. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2430

Crist, K., Jankowska, M. M., Schipperijn, J., Rosenberg, D. E., Takemoto, M., Zlatar, Z. Z., Natarajan, L., & Benmarhnia, T. (2021). Change in GPS-assessed walking locations following a cluster-randomized controlled physical activity trial in older adults, results from the MIPARC trial. Health & Place, 69, 102573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102573

Crist, K., Schipperijn, J., Ryan, S., Appleyard, B., Godbole, S., & Kerr, J. (2019). Fear Factor: Level of Traffic Stress and GPS Assessed Cycling Routes. Journal of Transportation Technologies, 09(01), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2019.91002

Demant Klinker, C., Schipperijn, J., Toftager, M., Kerr, J., & Troelsen, J. (2015). When cities move children: Development of a new methodology to assess context-specific physical activity behaviour among children and adolescents using accelerometers and GPS. Health & Place, 31, 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.11.006

Frehlich, L., Friedenreich, C., Nettel-Aguirre, A., Schipperijn, J., & McCormack, G. R. (2018). Using Accelerometer/GPS Data to Validate a Neighborhood-Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour, 1(4), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2018-0016

Klinker, C. D., Schipperijn, J., Christian, H., Kerr, J., Ersbøll, A. K., & Troelsen, J. (2014). Using accelerometers and global positioning system devices to assess gender and age differences in children’s school, transport, leisure and home based physical activity. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-11-8

Klinker, C. D., Schipperijn, J., Kerr, J., Ersbøll, A. K., & Troelsen, J. (2014). Context-Specific Outdoor Time and Physical Activity among School-Children Across Gender and Age: Using Accelerometers and GPS to Advance Methods. Frontiers in Public Health, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00020

Pawlowski, C. S., Andersen, H. B., Arvidsen, J., & Schipperijn, J. (2019). Changing recess geographies: Children’s perceptions of a schoolyard renovation project promoting physical activity. Children’s Geographies, 17(6), 664–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2019.1582754

Pawlowski, C. S., Andersen, H. B., Troelsen, J., & Schipperijn, J. (2016). Children’s Physical Activity Behavior during School Recess: A Pilot Study Using GPS, Accelerometer, Participant Observation, and Go-Along Interview. PLOS ONE, 11(2), e0148786. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148786

Pizarro, A. N., Schipperijn, J., Andersen, H. B., Ribeiro, J. C., Mota, J., & Santos, M. P. (2016). Active commuting to school in Portuguese adolescents: Using PALMS to detect trips. Journal of Transport & Health, 3(3), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.02.004

Pizarro, A. N., Schipperijn, J., Ribeiro, J. C., Figueiredo, A., Mota, J., & Santos, M. P. (2017). Gender Differences in the Domain-Specific Contributions to Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, Accessed by GPS. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 14(6), 474–478. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0346

Skau Pawlowski, C., Bondo Andersen, H., & Schipperijn, J. (2020). Difference in Outdoor Time and Physical Activity During Recess After Schoolyard Renewal for the Least-Active Children. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 17(10), 968–976. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0270

Stappers, N. E. H., Schipperijn, J., Kremers, S. P. J., Bekker, M. P. M., Jansen, M. W. J., De Vries, N. K., & Van Kann, D. H. H. (2021). Combining Accelerometry and GPS to Assess Neighborhood-Based Physical Activity: Associations With Perceived Neighborhood Walkability. Environment and Behavior, 53(7), 732–752. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916520906485

Stewart, T., Duncan, S., Chaix, B., Kestens, Y., Schipperijn, J., & Schofield, G. (2015). A novel assessment of adolescent mobility: A pilot study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0176-6

Stewart, T., Duncan, S., & Schipperijn, J. (2017). Adolescents who engage in active school transport are also more active in other contexts: A space-time investigation. Health & Place, 43, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.11.009

Van Kann, D. H. H., De Vries, S. I., Schipperijn, J., De Vries, N. K., Jansen, M. W. J., & Kremers, S. P. J. (2016). Schoolyard Characteristics, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior: Combining GPS and Accelerometry. Journal of School Health, 86(12), 913–921. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12459

Van Kann, D. H. H., Kremers, S. P. J., Gubbels, J. S., Bartelink, N. H. M., De Vries, S. I., De Vries, N. K., & Jansen, M. W. J. (2015). The Association Between the Physical Environment of Primary Schools and Active School Transport. Environment and Behavior, 47(4), 418–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916513519644

Vanwolleghem, G., Schipperijn, J., Gheysen, F., Cardon, G., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Van Dyck, D. (2016). Children’s GPS-determined versus self-reported transport in leisure time and associations with parental perceptions of the neighborhood environment. International Journal of Health Geographics, 15(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-016-0045-9